The present paper aims to study the influence level of CSR initiatives on the financial efficiency of the Tata group of companies in India. BSE 200 listed TATA group companies were selected for the study and applied content analysis. Secondary collected data from Annual reports, moneycontrol.com and BSE websites. Edward Altman's “Z” score was treated as modern financial performance and calculated for the period from 2009-10 to 2014-15. CSR Cost variance, CSR Budget variance and CSR Volume variance were calculated through standard costing technique under management accounting principles. The standard cost process is mostly used to control the operating task of the organization. All the parameters have been analyzed with one sample t test, Karl Pearson's correlation for its validity. The coefficient of determination has also been tested through linear regression analysis and the author found that the relationship between CSR variables and the ancient financial variables EPS, Book Value, Return on Equity and Operating Profit were positively correlated and also found that Operating profit influencing to the extent of 95.9%, but the modern financial variable of Altman Z score not influencing the actual CSR contribution of Tata group of companies during the study period. Keywords: CSR Initiative, CSR Budget, CSR recovery, Standard Costing Technique, Altman's Z score and Tata group

India is one of the largest producers of Rice. Huge demand of Rice in global market gave India a good environment to export the surplus production. Today India is the leading exporter of rice to global market and enjoys the comparative advantage in rice export. Rice plays an important role in export earnings of the India. In this paper an attempt is made to highlight rice export performance of India during 2010-11 to 2014-15. It also focuses on future prospects of rice export and suggestions to improve the performance. This paper also analyzes Trend, Direction and growth of export from India. To find out export competitiveness among major global rice exporter, RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) Index is applied which was propounded by Balassa and known as Balassa’s Index. JEL Classification : F13, F14 Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage, Rice Export, International Trade, Balassa’s Index, Export performance

The cost of nurturing disengaged employees can be very high for the corporates. Disengaged employees lack motivation, which clearly reflects in their work. This becomes even worse, when they spread their negativity to their engaged counterparts. Therefore corporates must aim at 100% engagement. This study is an attempt to find out the best or no-fail interventions, so that the engagement levels of the employees can be enhanced. A sample survey was conducted (N- 100). A preliminary survey of 10 executives was piloted first, to find out which interventions work well in the Indian corporate sector. On the basis of their consensus, the 14 employee engagement interventions were selected for the study. Data was collected through deliberate sampling on five point scaling through questionnaire. Averages and standard deviation were calculated. Lastly, it was revealed that empowering the employees at workplace, encouragement or backing their personal projects and a rise in their salaries instigate a feeling of engagement the most. Areas which requires improvement were also revealed further. Keywords: Work Engagement, Interventions, Efficacy, Employees.

In today's competitive era when both male and female are working together, they share job roles and responsibilities, acknowledgements, credibility along with that they have to share the mental stress in their own domains. Research studies have yielded results that high level of attrition especially in service sectors is because of job dissatisfaction and failing of commitments both in work and family life by either of the genders. Factors which act in motivating employees, the strategies which the organizations develop to make them feel attracted towards their job are a reflection of job satisfaction. The study revolves around the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of Herzberg Motivation - Hygiene Theory. It tries to find a cause behind work-family conflict and the necessary steps which could be taken to bridge the gap. Keywords – Job satisfaction, Work - Family conflict, mental stress, strategies, Herzberg Motivation – Hygiene, Quality of Work Life Balance (QWLB)

The purpose of the study to find out the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Self Efficacy and to find out the impact of Job Satisfaction on Self Efficacy of teachers in Higher learning Institutions(HLIs). Questionnaire was distributed among fifty faculty members of Arts and Science College and 5 point Likert Scale was used. Pearson's Correlation co efficient and Regression were used for analysis. Result implies that there is positive relationship between Job Satisfaction and Self Efficacy and also positive impact of Job Satisfaction on Self Efficacy. Keywords: Teachers, Job Satisfaction and Self Efficacy

Children have emerged as a segment that has grabbed the marketers' attention. As a consequence of generational differences, a special age group –Tweenagers, have evolved in the recent years, has become an important section to be tapped by the marketers. Tweenagers are children between 8-12 years old. With 30% population in the age group of 0- 14, India has a large cohort of Tweenagers. This segment has been gaining popularity, since,it is considered to be a lucrative market. It becomes pertinent to study thetype of media, persuading the Tweenagers' in their decision making, and further, having an impact on their purchase intention. The framework has been structured where the documented literature has been outlined in atabular form, consequently, the hypotheses have been developed, focusing on the research gaps, followed by analysis and wrapping the paper by suggesting practical implications for the marketers. Keywords - Tweenagers, Purchase intention, Types of media

In the modern marketing era, price plays the vital role to determine the competitive pressure and trade in the market. Exporters can earn the higher profit from the export business whenever they are avail the higher price for their exported products. In the export business price of the seafood are highly fluctuated in the international market. It is mainly for the reason of availability of the seafood and changing the consumption pattern of customers towards the substituted processed food products and so on. This paper analysed the price movement of the seafood in pre and post liberalization period of India. From the t test, it is found that there is a significant difference existed in the price of seafood products in pre and post liberalization period of India. The researcher concludes that after the introduction of new economic policy 1991 the seafood prices have tremendously fluctuated in the international market, it is mainly for the reason of trade was liberalized and market is also open to all the country. But the fluctuation is useful to the exporter because the price movement is forwarded one after the new economic policy. Keywords: Pricing, Seafood, International market, Paired sample ttest

Taxi market in India is growing rapidly with a lot of new entrants who run private taxi companies apart from the existing public taxi market. The public taxi market consists of taxis that are too old with very little comfort and safety, while on the other hand the taxis in the private taxi market are modern along with features like GPS, more comfort and safety. Thus, to study the impact of the private taxi companies on the public taxi market, we have carried out this research by using specific variables that will explain the effect of the private taxi market on the public taxi market. These variables have been taken into account considering the usual factors that a customer might think of while thinking hiring a taxi. So according to the variables considered, a theoretical framework was developed containing the dependent and independent variables along with the null and alternate hypotheses that had to be proved true or false depending upon the data collection. A questionnaire was prepared with the help of which two sets of data were collected of the public taxi market and the private taxi market through a survey filled by people chose at random using the random probabilistic sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS software and Minitab software for which a set of analysis techniques were applied and the data was interpreted which helped in proving the corresponding null or alternate hypotheses true as per the requirement of the research. Keywords: Mobile Apps, Ola Cabs, Taxi for Sure, Yellow cabs, Black cabs.

Objectives: The study aims to measure the efficiency of HR Practices and their effectiveness in public and private banks. Methodology/ Approach: The study followed the descriptive research approach with single measures of HR efficiency and nine subjective measurement of HR effectiveness namely change management, workforce diversity, gender discrimination, corporate social responsibility, realistic financial objectives, employee engagement and talent retention for achieving organizational excellence. Data have been collected through semi-structured questionnaire consists of 360 respondents (240 from Allahabad Bank and 120 from Axis bank) with the stratified random sampling technique. Statistical inference based on two different layers of statistics. Initially, for assessing the normality of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS-Test)/ Shapiro-Wilk test and finally for mapping the differentiation, non-parametric measurement of Mann Whitney (U) test has been used. Findings: The efficiency of HR practices of both the public (Allahabad bank) and private sector banks (Axis bank) are different as the Z value (Mann-Whitney) is -3.257 with a significance level of p=.001 which is less than 0.05. Axis bank shows (Mean Rank=200.92) the higher efficiency score as compared to Allahabad bank (mean rank=170.29). Furthermore, there is significant difference between public and private sector banks with regard to several HR effectiveness measures such as, change management (p=.000), workforce diversity (p=.020), gender discrimination policy (p=.000), corporate social responsibility (p=.000), employee engagement (p=.000) and talent retention (p=.001) except realistic financial objectives (p=.128). Overall, public sector bank (Allahabad bank) scores the highest mean rank of HR effectiveness than private sector bank (Axis Bank). Conclusions & Practical Implications: Over the years there have been many different models for measuring organizational effectiveness namely the goal approach, the system resource approach, the process approach and the strategic constituency approach and the Competing Values Framework (CVF) approach. In presence of quantitative HR effectiveness measurement namely, ROI, human capital metrics, HR balance scorecard and HRA etc., the study has approached the qualitative criteria of HR effectiveness in public and private sector banks. The study believes HR effectiveness is the foremost antecedents of organizational effectiveness and excellence. Efficiency , Effectiveness, HR Practices, Organizational Effectiveness , Subjectiveness, Indian Banks. JEL Code: G21, L33, and G41

Fiscal management and consolidation becomes the key to achieve sustainable growth, economic stability and social development. Among various macroeconomic and fiscal indicators, fiscal deficit is one of the pertinent tools to assess the fiscal space and fiscal road map of India apart from analyzing revenue deficit and primary deficit. To ensure sustained growth and foster economic development, Government of India has enacted FRBMA (Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act-2003) to achieve fiscal consolidation and prudent fiscal management. To arrest fiscal imbalances and to bring economy in order, Kelkar Committee (2012) has prescribed that the fiscal deficit (5.1 per cent in 2012-13) should be kept at 3 per cent of GDP by 2016-17 that is by the end of Twelfth Five Year Plan. However, it was delayed by two years to accommodate fiscal and structural challenges like demonetization and global uncertainties. Finance Minister of India has taken utmost care to achieve the fiscal deficit target of 3.2 per cent of GDP in the current budget 2017-18, through higher expenditure followed by revenue augmentation. Precisely speaking, efficient management of expenditure and enhancing the revenue base and effective tax buoyancy are the keys to fiscal consolidation. Keywords: Fiscal Prudence, Fiscal Sustainability, India.

While calculating the equilibrium level of income in a macroeconomic framework, we assume the variable 'G' to be autonomously given, thus implying that public expenditure variable is beyond control. However, if we assume that this is a policy variable, then there should be some factors that bring about changes in public expenditure. This paper is aimed to focus our attention to this analysis. Several economists have introduced various theories on the growth of public expenditure due to the increase in national income, higher tax revenue and other factors. Multiple evidences are also available in the literature supporting these theories. In this paper, we have included some empirical tests on the Indian public expenditure data, and we find evidence validating most of the theories on the growth of public expenditure. Keywords: Public Expenditure, Growth, Tax Revenues

Sustainably upgrading employee skills in SMEs is a continuous process involving improving the ability of employees. It is an attempt to improve their current and future performance and employers should keep a track on their performance after receiving reports on training so as to enable assessment. The systematic process of adjusting the behaviour of employees should be one of the goals of any organization in a volatile environment. A training plan is an effort by employersto provide opportunities for employees to acquire job-related skills, attitudes and knowledge. In order to meet growing and changing demand, SMEs have to be dynamic and pro-active with respect to the environment in order to achieve success. Consequently, many if not most SMEs implement training and development plans at the time of orientation, promotion and in other situations. This research paper makes an attempt to study how Thai SMEs try to upgrade their employees' skills sustainably and the impact of this in generating greater efficiency of the employees concerned. Keywords: Thai SMEs, Employees' skills,principles of Buddhism,Sufficiency economy.

Shobhit Satya, a self made man is a Managing Director of Satya Solutions Pvt. Ltd. He largely attributed his professional and personal success to his education. He started his business from scratch and within a short span of time, earned a big name in the IT industry. He decided to setup his own venture after seven years of serving as a faculty in a well known college and coaching centre. His innovation, analytical skills and foresightedness helped him to grow as a successful young entrepreneur. He turned many challenges into opportunities with sheer hard work and perseverance. After making a humble beginning Shobhit was confident to make a mark in near future.