The notion of local e-Governance has become an important aspect for transparent and effective service delivery in a convenient and cost effective manner, especially in the state of affairs where administrative procedures are facilitated by Information Technology (IT) to significantly promote government-citizens interaction, and citizens desire to perform their responsibilities in a 24x7 mode without physically visiting government offices. This paper discusses the results from the assessment of e-governance websites of Urban Local Bodies (ULB's) in the state of Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) in India, in view of benchmarking the websites of ULB's to ensure the service quality. We present an ex-post predictive evaluation for the evaluation of local egovernance project using an index proposed by Esteves. The study reveals that Bhopal municipal corporation website can be used as a benchmark for the municipal e-governance initiatives in the state of M.P. Keywords:- E-Governance, Local Governance, Urban Local Bodies (ULB), Websites Quality assessment, Benchmarking.

Television idiomatically called as Idiot- Box, has grabbed a lot of attention by all categories of people both in terms of viewing the programmes and for the promotion of the brands. In every developed and some of developing countries the small screen industry persuades a lot of viewers and marketers with innumerable programmes in many languages. Fortunate enough that the television is drawing the attention of many viewers with a lot of dexterous programmes in their respective countries and quite contrary to Ethiopian people from different categories in semi urban and rural areas found to be considerably slipshod towards watching small screen. Reasons for dawdling development show the discrepancy with their media habits, economic backgrounds, alternative entertainment forms and sociocultural traits even captivating the shift rate from other entertaining modes to this media is also discouraging with less leverage. There are ample chances of revenue generation though advertisements, sponsorships and transmission by increasing the rate of watching The small screen of Ethiopia owns certain good programmes associated with dramas and cinemas, reality shows, music and dances, discussions and interviews, news and information, sports etc. Having fanaticism to attain the firm footing in the industry, the programs must be created in order to gain the positive outcomes of viewers by improving the frequency of watching, evaluating the level of enjoyment, improving retrospection after the programme and handling complaints against the programmes. The major respondent groups identified in Gondar city, Ethiopia with respect to the intensity of their media habits were the students, job holders, households and farmers & labors who actively participated in the interviews and questionnaire. The concentration on the programme production by milking certain elements such as creative work, conceptual quality, and technological association may lead to gain the attention of viewers paving the way to shift increase. This paper explains the relationship between participatory outcomes of selected famous programmes from four major categories of viewers with an empirical data analysis by using chi-square test. Keywords: Media habits, Participatory outcomes, Small screen, Programmes

The days of mass marketing have given way to a trend towards micro marketing, and the role of the sales representative is slightly shaping into that of an information provider rather than a persuader. In this paper we discuss that how Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a strategic tool has the capability to strengthen the relationship of companies with their distributors and other members of supply chain trough effective communication. The first part of the paper throws a light on the general structure of the pharmaceutical distribution network. It is based on previous academic literature, practitioner literature, discussions on web forums and some unstructured discussions with the pharmacists and medical representatives. Whereas, the second part of the paper discusses the significance of business-to-business relationships in the pharmaceutical industry and provides a brief view of some CRM tools used in general with their relevant functionalities and advantages. This study concludes that distribution structure of Indian pharmaceutical industry is very complex and dynamic in nature and the relationships with the supply chain partners are critical in pharmaceutical industry and such relationships need to be managed very carefully for competitive advantage. The use of CRM systems is very much significant in such business environments and investments into sophisticated CRM technologies should be taken into consideration by organizations for better management of the business-to-business customer information and customer relationships in order to enhance the profitability through increased customer retention and loyalty. Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Distribution structure, Customer Relationship Management, supply chain conflicts, distributor relations.

CRM and customer retention have increasingly being recognizedas important managerial functions especially in saturated and increasingly competitive markets. Every business firm knows that it costs far less to hold on the existing customer than to acquire new ones. There is limited research available that investigates the effect of customer knowledge and orientation on customer retention in banking sector. In this backdrop the study tries to determine the impact of employee perception towards CRM practices (customer knowledge and customer orientation) on customer retention. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been employed on a sample of 204 respondents who were randomly selected from the population of employees of a particularbank in the Jammu and Kashmir. Finding of the study revealsthat customer knowledge and customer orientationhas significantly positive impact on the customer retention. This paper contributes to the theory by evaluating the role of knowledge management and customer oriented behaviour in developing longterm relationships with the customers. It also analyses the importance of CRM practices for developing better customer retention strategies in the banking sector where NPA rate is continuously increasing. Keywords: Customer retention, customer knowledge, customer relationship management, employee perception.

Hotel operators struggle to satisfy the wants of their customers and subsequently retain them by attempting to know the factors that could build up a strong brand relationships and loyal customer base. Over the recent decade, practitioners have engaged in making and maintaining future connections with customers and regard brand loyalty as their main goal in developing business methods attributable to the increasing market competition. Hospitality brands have progressively recognized that business strategies represent a strategic weapon to secure a competitive edge in the global hotel industry. To extend current understanding of hotel brand management, this study investigates to evaluate the relationships between the four marketing perspectives namely customer brand identification, brand satisfaction, brand commitment and brand loyalty. The data was collected through self-administered survey from 180 respondents of hospitality brands (four and five star hotels) of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Simple random sampling approach was adopted in the study. This paper incorporates the factors that regulate to brand loyalty in marketing literature and provides strategies to hospitality managers for increasing brand loyal customers. The findings reveal that the four variables are significantly related to one another and are useful for hotel operators to promote long-term business success, generate competitive advantages, and differentiate from its competitors in building and maintaining long term relationship with customers of hospitality brands of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Keywords: brand loyalty, customer brand identification, brand satisfaction, brand commitment, hospitality brands

With Liberalization and opening up of economy since early nineties, India is witnessing rapid expansion of industrial activities. Human Resource Management, its development and retention has become a great challenge to the professional engaged in this sector. The future of this sector is promising and can only sustain with the future challenge of change if it is managed professionally. Recently, adopting of policies of liberalization and globalization of the business, it provided an opportunity to private sector to grow more and more and also challenged the management to retain skilled asset in the organization. Subsequent emergence of the cut throat competition again offers enormous opportunities to the workers to pickup one of the several jobs available in the market to satisfy their need. Thus it will be no exaggeration to claim that effective labour management has become one of the important key for successful operation of the business unit, the management adopts various financial and non financial incentive as a motivator for employees in Lucknow area. Keywords: Financial Incentives, Motivator, Lucknow, Public and Private Sector Industries

The study aims to posit an edifice to the existing strategic management literature by proposing an alternate view of Knowledge-Based Dynamic Capabilities. The inter-alia suggests that when Knowledge Process Capabilities are leveraged to generate Higher-order Dynamic Capabilities, the resultant Knowledge-Based Dynamic Capabilities have a greater potential to generate competitive advantage for a firm in comparison to employing Knowledge Process Capabilities or Dynamic Capabilities in isolation. The paper makes an attempt to carry out an exhaustive review of literature and to further build upon the existing literature by empirically proving as well as suggesting that organizations need to build both the base level and higher-order capabilities in the pursuit of global competitiveness. Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Knowledge-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities, Knowledge Process Capabilities

Black Ocean strategy is another strategy that may exist long time before other strategy since it discuss about paying to organization first before paying foranother. Since the level of ethical has increased some Black Ocean strategy action may seem unethical. This paper has discussed the foundation of Black Ocean strategy and discuss some current business activities related to Black Ocean strategy. This paper has found a business opportunity as the goal for the Black Ocean strategy. This paper also found four main elements of Black Ocean strategy which composed of “ability to find the opportunity, ability to manage attitude of public audience, ability to execute organization strategy, and ability to close the opportunity for other competitors”. Also, this paper has criticized the behavior of Black Ocean strategy and suggested the cautious business relationship as a way to avoid threaten by Black Ocean strategy. Keyword: Black Ocean strategy, White Ocean strategy, Strategic Management

Bhagavad Gita is undoubtedly, one of the most inspiring and elevating book present in the spiritual literature of the world. Bhagavad Gita is universally renowned as an Indianbook on spiritual wisdom and is a doctrine of universal truth. Bhagavad Gita shares the messages of Lord Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead to his intimate disciple Arjuna. Bhagavad Gita has seven hundred verses between Lord Krishna and the confused Arjuna narrated in the BhishmaParva of the Mahabharata on the battlefield of Kurukshetra near New Delhi, India, in about 3,100 years BCE. This pious book contains the messages and learning given by Lord Krishna to Lord Arjuna, who faced the dilemma of choosing between the path of fighting for righteous or not fighting for his right.Bhagavad Gita imparts the knowledge of the Self and answers some fundamental questions of life. It is based on the cardinal principles of the Hindu religion and is a very pious book of Hindus.The Bhagavad Gita contains words of wisdom and many practical teachings that can be easily applied to the present day'slife to solve the numerous problems faced by him. The Bhagavad Gita transcends the bounds of all religion or race, and contains divine wisdom addressed to mankind to help him provide direction.

A majority Indian population lives in Rural areas most of which are uniquely characterised by no access, no electricity, no ICT yet world's biggest emerging market. Hence tapping this huge BOP population through the conventional system is a big challenge that requires a highly customized penetration strategy. Many good products with affordable price tags and very convincing promotional efforts plunge into failure just because of poor supply chain or distribution network or escalating inventory costs. So the distribution network must be tailored to meet the needs of the business and its customers and present paper is an attempt in this direction. The first part of the paper will discuss the problems of Rural marketing in general. This emerging market has a gigantic size and has unique problems of its own. So a marketer needs to focus on a (well defined and suitable to the rural customer) distribution strategy in order to tap the rural market's potential. One such initiative has been taken by HUL in the name of “Project Shakti” wherein the rural market has been reached through women Self Help Groups. Companies can cultivate the power of these community organizations to increase sales in rural emerging markets. The paper will also highlight the progress of SHGs in Mewat District of Haryana and the potential of Distribution through Self Help Groups in this area as well as other areas having the same credentials. This area has a vast potential as having a very high women population and the ones who are very confident and can communicate effectively which is a prerequisite for an effective channel member partner. Keywords: SHG, BOP, Women Emancipation, Community Organizations