The Hong Kong economy has been able to maintain consistent growth for a longer period of time under market mechanism. On the financial development front country has performed well and occupied the financial capital status of Asian region. Even the recent concept of offshore local currency bond (dim sum bonds) launch of China is mostly facilitated by Hong Kong due to proven capabilities on financial performance. Theoretically, the healthy financial system creates the massive scope for economic growth and development however empirical findings are yet to confirm the argument. In this regard, the present study tries to identify the impact of financial deepening on economic growth of Hong Kong. The ARDL bounds-testing approach confirms that there is the short-run as well as long-run relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in Hong Kong economy.

The relationship between labour productivity and real wages has been an important area of policy debate during post reform period in India. Though labour productivity is expected to be significantly affected by wages, several other factors also influence it. The neoclassicals suggest that labour demand would increase if productivity per unit of labour would increase at a given wage rate. Literature indicates that growth in manufacturing is significantly influenced by rising labour productivity as it acts as the deciding factor in adoption of improved technology and expansion of capacity, which in turn is directly related to the wages (Das et al , pp: 41-56 2017) . The argument that the wage growth below productivity growth would increase employment level is particularly important in currently policy debate in the light of high unemployment rates in many developing countries following the neoliberal reforms (De, Long, 2002)

In the present epoch of fierce competition in life insurance market in India the formulation and effective implementation of product strategy has become indispensable. In fact, product strategy is formulated as per the set product objectives. LIC of India being the market leader has its significant product objectives. The present paper is a humble attempt to investigate the product objectives of LIC of India. In order to carry out the research, primary data have been collected with the help of structured questionnaire. A sample size of 107 officials working in Divisional office, Varanasi of LIC of India has been considered by using judgmental sampling. Exploratory factor analysis has been used for the purpose of analysis. The findings of the present study include the product objectives into four factors such as effective product management, strategic approach, societal marketing perspective and legal consideration. It may be noticed that the LIC of India has adopted a proactive approach while setting product objectives. This study provides new theoretical insights pertaining to product objectives of LIC of India which is a market leader throughout the time. The product objectives of LIC of India will provide great help to other life insurers in boosting their market shares and market penetration.

Internet users and online trading has flourished in the past few years. Particularly in Oman the penetration of internet is around 71% as compared to the world population being 40%. The digi-tal economy has abundant to offer to the consumers. Digitization has provided easy access, large variety to choose, convenient payment, improved services and shopping at your convenience any time, due to the rapid growth in internet, smart phone and other technologies but along the growth path it also brings in challenges related to consumer protection. In Oman there exists a strong Consumer Protection Act. With all this, still the challenge today is to build a digital world consumers can trust. The consumers internationally have some basic rights but the question is whether they are aware about it? An aware consumer is better protected. The companies who work for consumer awareness not only build trust of the consumers but also develop a strong brand equity leading to increased business. This paper will investigate the awareness among the consumers regarding their rights and duties and suggest strategies for creating awareness. This paper will be useful not only for the consum-ers at large but for the policy makers, new entrants in trading business, advertisers, existing busi-ness and government.

In recent years, several changes in market place, such as increasing diversity and competition, have stimulated theory and practice in supply chain management. The quality of services rendered along the supply chain would help in developing loyal customers, resulting in enhanced business performance. Research demonstrates that service quality (SQ) has strong linkages with business performance, cost reduction, feeling of delight, trust and loyalty among partners and consequently leads to profitability. However, the service dominance perspective that establishes the importance of intangible aspects such as service and relationship is still to be widely embraced in the manufacturing sector. The scholarly attention accorded to service quality in manufacturing is still in its nascence. Against this preamble, this paper aims to bring out a tailor-made framework to evaluate service quality at different dyads of the supply chain. This paper conceptualizes the SQ as a multidimensional construct which operates at interface of supplier-manufacturer, manufacturer-employee, and manufacturer-distributor.

The purpose of reforms in Indian economy especially in Indian Life insurance sector was to make the economy more market oriented. Due to these reforms the insurance sector was opened to private players. As a result new private life insurers started their business in Indian life insurance sector and a big chunk of life insurance businessgone in the hands of private players and the monopoly of public sector player (LIC)was finished. In the light of widening of the life insurance market there is a need to conduct fresh research on growth and expansion of lifeinsurance industry in India.The present study reveals that the private sector shows more growth as compared to public sector in terms of total premium during the period of the study. However, both public and private sector shows negative growth in number of policies issued. Moreover, the life insurance industry expanded itself mainly in areas other than metro and urban areas. It is suggested in the study that IRDA should start mass campaign to educate people regarding the need of life insurance which will help the life insurance companies to cover untapped market.

The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the factors which contribute towards the sustainability of small family businesses from one generation to subsequent generation in Pakistan. Family business’s roletowards the economic stability of any country is undeniable. A purposive sampling technique was used to fill the close-ended questionnaire by the founders and successors of subsequent generations who were currently participating in business operations. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression modelswere implemented to analyse the primary data. The results of this study show that governance board,strategic planning and customer focus management have a significant positive association with the family business succession process. So, independent governance board, business strategies and customer focus management can contribute to increasing the survival rate of family business in Pakistan.

One of the major factors that have considerably undermined the attempts towards economic development of many underdeveloped countries is the instability in their export earnings resulting from price, value and volume fluctuations. Over several decades there have been debates on the export import performance and export import instability. The purpose here is to examine the export of traditional and non-traditional commodities and further indicate the directions in which the instability has moved. In the present research paper instability indices in terms of volume, value and per unit value have been computed and an attempt has been made to find out the source of instability. For the purpose of calculation, Coppock’s instability index has been used to find out the instability in export earnings in India. This study has covered the time period of seventeen years in three phases i.e., from 1990-91 to 1999-00, 2000-01 to 2007-08 and the overall period of 1990-91 to 2007-08. The study concludes that non-traditional commodities have shown higher degree of instability than traditional commodities during all the three phase of time period.

The aim of this research paper is to analyse the growth and development of the SME Platform in India. Lack of adequate and timely credit to SMEs is a major hurdle in SME growth trajectory. To resort this perennial issue various measures has introduced, but they fail to produce the desired result. The idea to provide capital market access to SME ended with the establishment of a dedicated stock exchange. SME Platform is the emerging financial source for small business entities after premature death of OTCEI. An emerging economy, like India must have a platform for a more enhanced equity market for SMEs. The new initiative of capital financing of SMEs through capital market has been quite encouraging and would be supplemented to the banking credit. SEBI’s guidelines and the development progress of SME platform is similar to the successful international experiment in particular to AIM, MOTHER and NASDAQ. This paper fortifies the potential growth for SME Platform in India by analyzing the performance of SME Exchange of BSE and relaxed trade norms of SME Platform.

The main purpose of this paper is to provide insights to the investors and portfolio managers in terms of reducing portfolio risk and enhancing their returns using co integration, Vector Error Correction Model (long and short run relationships) among the selected sectoral indices. It also demonstrates the importance of usage of sector indices which provides insight for sectoral specific investment opportunities and direction for suitable investment decision for the Indian market. The present paper is based on secondary data on the closing prices of the selected sectoral indices from NSE; the span of data is from1stJanuary 2010 to 1st April 2016. The sectoral indices CNX AUTO, CNX ENERGY, CNX FMCG, CNX IT, CNX PHARMA, and CNX BANK are selected based on market capitalization. We employed the unit root test ADF (Augmented Dickey Fuller Test)and Co- Integration test developed by Engle and Granger (1987),allowing for an unknown number of breaks. The Error Correction Model (ECM) has been used to analyze the long-run and short-run equilibrium relationship among the selected sectoral indices. Our results indicate that there is long run and short run relationship among the sectoral indices.

The microfinance institutions (MFIs) have provided financial services to the poor citizens and young entrepreneurs to achieve economic solvency. Microfinance institutions have faced competition and various obstacles for attaining sustainable profitability. This study concerns about key factors that are concerning the performance of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. Self administer questionnaire (structured and Unstructured questionnaire) has been used based on a five point likert scale. It has selected top five microfinance institutions (Grameen Bank, BRAC, ASA, BURO Bangladesh and TMSS) as a sample. It has surveyed 170 employees who are working in these microfinance institutions in Dhaka city to collect the primary data. It has applied both descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods to identify the key patterns that are shaping the performance of microfinance institutions. In this study, several hypotheses and conceptual framework have been developed on the base of background literature. It has applied reliability statistics, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis to test hypotheses. The study finds that loan lending system, motivation of employee, proper management system, effective risk management technique and government regulatory framework have a significant relationship with microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) performance. It also represents that innovation and information technology (IT) has an insignificant relationship with the performance of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. It shows that loan lending system, motivation of employee, proper management system, and government regulatory framework have a positive relationship of MFIs’ performance and effective risk management has a negative relationship with the performance of MFIs. It also found that the loan lending system is the most important issue to the performance of MFIs.

What could be the sources of variation in firm performance have led a number of empirical studies in economics, strategy and corporate finance which investigate the impact of various factors on different measures of firm performance. The objective of this study is to review the factors which are considered as determinants of firm performance in empirical researches of these streams. In addition performances measures are also discussed. This issue is of immense value because resources are limited in supply and stakeholders interests used to be at risk. Optimum utilization of resources and appropriate strategy can make a company outperformer and a country prosperous.

How to win friends and influence people’ is a pioneer self-help book in its genre. The author of the book is Dale Carnegie and it was first published in 1936. Since its first publication eighty years ago, it has sold over 30 million copiesworldwide and has been edited and re-printed numerous times. This book was on the Time magazine’s 100 most influential books list in the year 2011. This book helps the readers in changing how the world views and treats them by focusing on changing self-behavior. This book is truly among one of the most influential business and communication skills guide. The author provides easy analogies and examples to which one can relate to, and teaches you skills to make people like you and your company, perceive things the way you want them to perceive them, and feel wonderful about it.