Editorial Board

A Refereed Monthly International Journal of Management

Influence of Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention among Male and Female MBA Students in Gujarat State

Author

Ankita Barik Research Scholar, Faculty of Management Pacific Academy of Higher Education & Research University Rajasthan, India. Email: ankitabarik22@gmail.com

Lalbihari Barik Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing & Information Technology in Rabigh King Abdul Aziz University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Email: lalbihari@gmail.com

Abstract

This work aims to found the students’ self-efficacy on their entrepreneurial intention. We are determining a list of factors influencing their self-efficacy based on the predicted entrepreneurial behavior of the students. The economic growth of a country depends only on entrepreneurship based employment. Therefore, entrepreneurial activity and its inspirations amongst educated youngsters are a perfect tool to improve country growth. The population of this work contains several male and female MBA students of various universities in Gujarat, India. The sample of this work has 355 students; the obtained responses are sampled by the convenience sampling method. In order to analyze the data, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression methods are used. 3x3 ANOVA is used to analyze the performance differences between the male and female student’s entrepreneurial intention and their previous circumstances of entrepreneurial intention. The outcomes indicate the dissimilarity of their entrepreneurial intention, behavioral approach, and apparent behavior managing among male and female. Comparatively, the male students have much interest in the self-efficacy on their entrepreneurial intention with female students. Additionally, this work proposes that the area of expertise does not have any effect on students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Keywords: Self-Efficacy; Entrepreneurial Behavior; Entrepreneurship.  

Introduction

India is a developing country; here, employment generation is the most important difficulty among youngsters. It is due to the laziness of the employment creation section in public as well as the government sector. In order to avoid the problem, also generating countries’ financial improvement by creating more self-employment over youngsters. Entrepreneurship is the best alternative source for unemployment among educated youngsters. It plays a vital position in getting financial improvement and advancement to a country’s financial system. The financial activities are done by introducing innovation, creating contests, and enhancing competitions. Exclusively the career-making is the most important contribution of the entrepreneur. The Indian governments recognize the entrepreneurship significance to the financial system and its responsibility in job generation and individual potential development. Uunemployment increased in Gujarat are increasing day by day. So accordingly, entrepreneurship has avoided a massive amount of unemployment throughout the world. The stem of entrepreneurship increases economic efficiency, market advancement, new job creation, and supporting employment level. Education plays a vital role in youngster’s life, for that education brings knowledge to their future. The education brings them to the thing on their own; the management students have studied the business studies along with their other subjects. So, they have much knowledge about business, and it brings them easily to start and survive them on their own in the entrepreneurial world. Youth generation is taught to get into an entrepreneur area based on their area of expertise. Though, after the completion of their degree, their career selection is purely depending on their intent. The intent is a probable result guide by deliberated action. Entrepreneurship intent is the people’s aspiration to form an innovative firm or a renovating an organization. The start of entrepreneurship in a developing country is having some difficulties. However, the developing country like India has spent more money on entrepreneurship because it will increase the country’s economy too. Our prime minister has developed ten schemes for entrepreneurship development. For these schemes, they are providing a 25% to 90% subsidy based on their business. So, starting a new entrepreneurship process in Gujarat is very helpful. However, the factors influencing student businesses starting in India are their intension and their future motive. Based on this, our works investigate the family background, and higher education influences their approach on the way to entrepreneurship. Moreover, it helps to find the subjective norms and apparent behavior control in inspiring MBA students to start their new businesses.

2. Literature Review

Entrepreneurs are the important economic changers and also the advance technology developers of a country. They give financial improvement through introducing advanced technology, create a rivalry, and enhance challenges Wong et al. (2005). Particularly the creation of a job has a major contribution to entrepreneurs. Our prime minister has developed ten schemes for entrepreneurship development. For these schemes, they are providing 25% to 90% subsidy based on their business. So, starting a new entrepreneurship process in Gujarat is very helpful. According to the E&U surveys of labor Bureau, 2017 shows that the overall unemployment in Gujarat is 19 Lakh. From these surveys, we can observe that employment amid youngsters is the main challenge in Gujarat. So, the simple method to make a solution is to give confidence and support to start a new entrepreneurial action. Though, the current youth students are indolent in entrepreneurial action involvement. Our society is also providing a first preference for the work in either MNC or Government sectors; because of financial safety, Job security, and power Goel et al. (2007). National sample office surveys also establish that students are chosen to be employed somewhere else rather than turn into an entrepreneur. Even though there are several efforts and schemes are introduced by our government for student entrepreneurial activity, but most of the youths do not prefer entrepreneurial activity. It shows that a gap is existing between the government and the real level of student participation in entrepreneur actions. So, additional explorations needed to clearing up youth’s entrepreneurship intention improvement thoughts. So, in this work preface a study on the intention among young male and female from MBA studies in Gujarat to grow to be an entrepreneur. Additionally, it is essential to find the factors that formulate the students interested in entrepreneurship. Reilly et al. (2000) proved that entrepreneurship actions are intention-based only. The entrepreneur people’s motive is not only triggering from others; the more important thing is their intention in order to analyze the data, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression methods used. ANOVA is used to analyze the performance differences between the male and female student’s entrepreneurial intention and their previous circumstances of entrepreneurial intention. The output of our proposal affords helpful input to various universities to promote and enhance entrepreneurship as a career amongst the youngsters in India. Large numbers of entrepreneurial intention studies are examined in the history of entrepreneurial intention development. Amongst these entrepreneur intent models, Ajzen (1991) designed hypothesis performance is the frequently recognized models, knowledgeable and authenticate on the finest predictor of their individual intention. Barik & Barik (2016) measured the scale development and scale testing of student’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy among the commerce and management graduates. Individual person’s interest to do something on the apparent ability of them; and the skills regarding their area of activity developed scales evaluated statistically. Varela et al. (2001) showed the important relationship between entrepreneur education and their susceptibility to appropriate entrepreneurship. Scrutiny has been established with Noel (2002) is that the graduate students in entrepreneurship reached superiority in entrepreneurial intention compared with other disciplines. Likewise, Zhao et al. (2005) indicate the correlation between a university’s investment in the promotion of entrepreneurship and the percentage of students becoming entrepreneurs. Additionally, to their education, some supplementary personality variable has been originating to forecast entrepreneurship development. The supplementary personality variables for individual factors are age, gender, and education. Mazzarol et al. (1999) proposed that the female candidates have a smaller amount only liable to be the founder of business comparatively than male. Kolvereid (1996) proved that the entrepreneurial intention of the male had extensively high than the female students. In addition to that, the aforementioned experiences in entrepreneurial activities have high entrepreneur intentions compare with no aforementioned experience. Moreover, the private sector employs are especially found that they are very probable to start an entrepreneurial unit compared with the government employs. Self-confidence is the most important thing for the individual to start up a new business. Also, for starting a group business, a set of people, as well as the founder’s potentials, are very important because, for a group, there are more sub-activities available. So, a self-confidence person only undertakes and leads to success. Self-efficacy is the innermost enthusiasm to perform an entrepreneur technique as well as find and grab the opportunity. Self-efficacy’s levels as high levels and low levels; it has the grave consequence of a person’s confidence in the problem handling. Innovation and opportunity identification in entrepreneurship of a motivated person’s is the major criterion of the high level of self-efficacy Ardichvili et al. (2003). As the literature review has indicated, self-efficacy is anchored in a model of entrepreneurial potential and linked to entrepreneurial intention. The impression of entrepreneurs’ perspective is most before their self intentions; they also possibly will have great potential with no equivalent intention. Krueger et al. (1994) present a Shapero’s self-potential model contained the intention process framework. Also, this model proposes the significant-conclusion lane arrangement of apparent self-efficacy. Gist & Mitchell (1992) declare that self-efficacy has a quantity of practical as well as theoretical implications on behalf of entrepreneur accomplishment. For the reason that initiates a new entrepreneur unit require exclusive skill and mindset compare with the managers in a completely conventional business. Chen et al. (1998) proposed an entrepreneur self-efficacy development model. This method forecast the individual’s entrepreneurial startup eligibility. Mortan et al. (2014) show that emotional intelligence, regulation, and utilization of emotions positively affect entrepreneurial self-efficacy to become an entrepreneur. This work identifies the presence of a student’s entrepreneurial intentions. Desai, P. (2017) determined that the required amount of importance should be given to the entrepreneurship education and practical schemes of entrepreneurship like mentorship programs, Govt. supports, and bank loans. However, Mustapha & Selvaraju (2015) found that gender is not an important factor in influencing students to choose entrepreneurship as their future career pathway. Sharma & Madan (2014) examines the students of MBA/PGDM, MCA & BHMCT were little good for entrepreneurship inclination compare to other courses. Goel et al. (2007) stated that the moderating effect is non-uniform across countries while compared to students from Spanish, India, and America. Pruett & Şeşen (2017) compared faculties’ and students’ perceptions and beliefs about motives of entrepreneurship, environments of the university, and aspirations of students and barriers to explore. Gelard & Saleh (2011) analyzing the effect of some contextual factors on university students’ entrepreneurial intentions like the structural, educational function of formal and informal networks support. Entrepreneur self-efficacy refers to the strength of an individual’s capability of being successful performance in an assortment of the role and responsibilities of the entrepreneur. Persons with higher entrepreneur self-efficacy have a propensity to evaluate the situation as supplementary opportunity relatively than fraught with risk. Also, the persons can manipulate the accomplishment of the goal and distinguish the probability of failure. The self-efficacy perspective is highly appropriate for the study of the entrepreneur. From the review of the literature, the following hypothesis was postulated: Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between student entrepreneurs.

3. Research Design

Researchers have reviewed a variety of research methods used in the study of social sciences. In given research has used exploratory research design, which is an effort to know the effect of Human Resource Management practices on the operational performance of the business.

Study Sample:

The experimental study has been conceded out with a sample of full-time university final year MBA degree students from Gujarat University, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, UKA Tarsadia University, Saurashtra University, Ganpat University, and Gujarat Technological University from Gujarat, India during the academic year 2017 – 2018. The sample contains 355 various university MBA students of various disciplines from these five universities. The sample of this study comprised 130 Post-graduates enrolled in courses on the campus of an institution of higher learning in India. Seventy-five percent of them are males; the remaining students are females. The sampling technique is used because of the small amount of the dataset. Dataset was analyzed with descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis method.

Methodology:

The population of this work contains several male and female MBA students of various universities in Gujarat, India. The sample of this work has 355 students; the obtain response is sampled by a convenience sampling method in order to analyze the data, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression methods used. 3x2 ANOVA is used to analyze the performance differences between the male and female student’s entrepreneurial intention and their previous circumstances of entrepreneurial intention. The outcomes indicate the dissimilarity of their entrepreneurial intention, behavioral approach, and apparent behavior managing among male and female. Comparatively, the male students have much interest in self-efficacy on their entrepreneurial intention with female students. Additionally, this work proposes that the area of expertise does not have any effect on students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Transition to Entrepreneurial Action:

In this work, we have taken a list of MBA students from various departments and their places of interest on self-efficacy as well as the recognition of opportunity in the entrepreneurial support. The options to generate their interest in self-efficacy will be based on the following three elements:

Perception of interest: It corresponds to the amount of individual attraction to make their own business or form. Their personal interests are double based on their beliefs. They recognize their personal beliefs involving the consequence of the establishment of their own business or form. Similarly, belief connecting to the communal background and attractiveness is fascinating the flexibility problems. From this discussion, without any doubt, the reception of interest is completely uttered with the recon expedition of self-interest.

Perception of viability: They replicate of the quantity of the people’s belief in the new form, or business creation is purely depending on their own interest only.

The susceptibility to take action: Shapero conceives a susceptibility act, which is an individual’s stipulation to take action according to their own decision. Therefore, susceptibility to act reflects the component deliberated on the intention. Conceptually susceptibility depends on the observation of significance systematization of their performance based on their environment and the circumstance. The susceptibility to take action is the soul of the self-efficacy as well as seems likely to encourage the renovation method. It needs new-fangled talent to acquire by the flexible entrepreneur those who are in a heavy situation. Steve Jobs personified this perception completely by a new character. This accepted wisdom takes place in a common entrepreneur society growth method and towards strengthening the most important character amongst the younger generation.

4. Result and Discussion

The data collected for the study was collected from different sources. The data collected from the primary sources were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The analysis of the data gives the following results and findings. Table 1 shows the collected MBA student’s personal profile database based on their gender category from various MBA departments. There are 355 overall student database collected, and their percentages based on their individual department is also calculated. This table is used for student’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy analyzation based on their perspective departments, and the outcomes are plotted below.

Table 1: Students Personal Profile

Variable(s)		Number of Student(s)	Percentage (%)
GENDER CATEGORY	MALE	223	62.81%
	FEMALE	132	37.18%
MBA Department(s)		Number of Student(s)	Percentage (%)
1.FINANCE	MALE	42	58.33%
	FEMALE	30	41.66%
2.MARKETING HUMAN RESOURCE	MALE	36	57.14%
	FEMALE	27	42.85%
3.INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS	MALE	30	54.54%
	FEMALE	25	45.45%
4.OPERATION MANAGEMENT	MALE	38	59.37%
	FEMALE	24	37.5%
5.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY	MALE	38	79.166%
	FEMALE	10	20.833%
6.RURAL MANAGEMENT	MALE	16	69.56%
	FEMALE	07	30.43%
7.HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT	MALE	14	70%
	FEMALE	06	30%
8.AGRI BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	MALE	08	72.72%
	FEMALE	03	27.27%

After the student’s personal profile, the most important element analysis are shown below. The data were analyzed by calculating the mean of every item of every factor. Otherwise, make the same variables intended for succeeding analysis, such as reliability. On the other hand, the hierarchical regression investigation variable was centralized to steer clear of high multicollinearity. Aforementioned to hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the self-determining variable was multiplied with the mediator to obtain the result of the relation between the provisions values that were entered into the exact level of hierarchical regression study. Dependability analysis was performing on the factor after the tentative factor analysis. Overall, self-efficacy had Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79, and Management based self-efficacy had 0.69. Moreover, their individual department study based self-efficacy was 0.75, and for individual students, locale-based self-efficacy was 0.70.

Table 2: Variable analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient

Variable(s)	Mean Value	Standard Deviation	Intraclass Correlation	Data
Overall Self-efficacy	4.53	0.35	0.79	355
Management  based Self-efficacy	3.91	0.48	0.69	355
Individual department students Self-efficacy	2.51	0.54	0.75	355
Individual students locale  based Self-efficacy	2.98	0.52	0.70	355
Individual student  based Self-efficacy	4.59	0.352	0.83	355

The above tables provide an outline of the descriptive information of the used variables. It indicates that among the various variables, the overall self-efficacy has superior mean value, i.e., 4.53, and the Standard Deviation (SD) is 0.35. This result also shows that the opportunity to become an entrepreneur is supposed to their self-efficacy. Individual student based self-efficacy has more influence on their entrepreneurial intentions than their department or management studies, which had a mean value of 3.91, 2.52, and SD of 0.48, 0.54. Table 3 implies the entrepreneurial intentions of male and female students. The special effect of individual MBA student’s characteristic happening by their entrepreneurial self-efficacy is analyzed through the t-test study. Table 1 shows the outcome of t-tests proves the present situation of male student’s considerable high intension in entrepreneurial self-efficacy; this differentiation among male and female students in terms of entrepreneurial self-efficacy also calculated. The outcome also shows that the students with business ownership of family or relatives description significantly higher level of entrepreneurial intention than students with parents or relatives. Finally, the t-test also indicated that those students who have taken the entrepreneurship course reported significantly higher entrepreneurship intention than other students.

Table 3: Entrepreneurial Intentions between male and female students

Variable(s)		Number of Student(s)	Mean Value	T-Value
Gender Category	MALE	223	75.54	1.731
	FEMALE	132	52.42
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy	MALE	212	61.89	1.921
	FEMALE	143	52.8
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy due to friends	MALE	123	60.52	1.461
	FEMALE	232	42.31
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy due to family	MALE	98	63.52	1.525
	FEMALE	257	52.31
Entrepreneurship Subject Studied	MALE	202	63.81	3.621*
	FEMALE	163	52.4

Table 3 presents the whole mean values, SD, and T-values of the different variables which are used in this study. The entrepreneur self-efficacy is originated to exist as considerably and reasonably interrelated to every one of these independent variables. Although, the very closer support appears to show some extent bivariate relationship with the dependent variable, i.e., r=5.54, T=1.731. On the other hand, the superficial barrier and neuroticism are not considerably interrelated with entrepreneur self-efficacy. The Entrepreneurship subject studied is received a T-value=3.621, which shows that the students' entrepreneurial intentions also increased based on their studies too.

Table 4: Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among male and female students from various departments.

Various Department(s)	Number of Student(s)		Self-efficacy towards Business Enterprise Formation	Ideas to Entrepreneurship Formation	Apparent Behavioral Manage	Subjective Norms
1.Finance	MALE	MEAN SD	31.1 20.8	22.21 16.30	23.11 18.18	20.21 12.30
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	22.4 16.4	18.16 10.14	20.14 14.54	17.12 08.14
2.Marketing Human Resource	MALE	MEAN SD	28.1 12.2	20.41 11.63	24.41 10.72	21.11 10.53
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	16.4 08.6	16.16 10.14	18.43 11.16	12.24 08.27
3.International Business	MALE	MEAN SD	29.02 13.21	19.12 09.34	19.02 13.21	24.01 12.30
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	21.4 10.09	12.24 08.27	12.4 11.09	20.14 10.06
4.Operation Management	MALE	MEAN SD	24.1 12.3	24.01 12.30	12.31 14.39	19.12 09.34
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	20.09 09.03	20.14 10.06	12.09 11.03	20.14 10.06
5.Information Technology	MALE	MEAN SD	23.14 16.06	19.12 09.34	20.14 10.06	19.09 10.03
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	17.4 08.09	12.24 08.27	16.4 9.09	14.12 07.14
6.Rural Management	MALE	MEAN SD	19.01 09.02	21.01 12.30	18.01 09.02	12.24 06.78
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	12.01 06.02	19.09 10.03	13.01 07.02	11.01 08.30
7.Health Care Management	MALE	MEAN SD	13.02 09.40	14.12 08.14	14.02 08.40	10.19 07.23
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	08.02 07.14	12.24 07.78	09.02 06.14	08.02 07.14
8.Agri Business Management	MALE	MEAN SD	08.02 06.24	11.01 07.30	07.02 05.24	05.02 04.24
	FEMALE	MEAN SD	06.21 03.14	10.19 06.23	04.21 02.14	02.21 01.14

Table 4 shows the overall mean and SD of the students from various departments using 3x3 ANOVA. Especially the students from Agri-Business Management is having very low entrepreneurial self-efficacy than others. Some department students are having more intension in banking sectors and government job sectors. The finance and marketing management students are having much intension in self-efficacy than others

Table 5. Intercorelation among study variables and barriers

VARIABLES	MEAN	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
APPARENT BARRIER	4.15	0.91	-0.86
APPARENT SUPPORT	4.24	0.78	0.12	-0.86
SECURE SUPPORT	4.42	0.7	0.13	.25**	-0.86
EXTRAVERSION	4.68	0.81	0.05	0.05	.35**	-0.86
METICULOUSNESS	5.01	0.79	0.06	0.5	.45**	.35**	-0.88
AMICABILITY	4.92	0.72	0.04	.35**	.35**	.45**	.35**	-0.88
FRANKNESS	4.72	0.81	0.05	0.5	0.5	.35**	.45**	-0.88	-0.88
NEUROTICISM	4.46	0.75	0.04	0.05	0.6	.05	.35**	0.51**	0.12	-0.82
EI	4.71	0.91	0.05	.35**	.55**	.35**	.35**	.36**	.38**	0.14	-0.98

*p<.10; **p<.5 Beta dependability in parenthesis; from source data.

As shown in Table 5, the apparent barriers affecting their entrepreneurial self-efficacy among male and female students mean is 4.15 and SD 0.91. So comparatively, it not takes more intension compared with the support because the mean is 4.24 and SD 0.78. The interface of meticulousness influences the self-efficacy was insignificant, i.e., the mean is 5.01 and SD 0.79. The regression coefficient for amicability influence was important because it indicated the subsistence of a quasi moderator. Thus the secure support was partially supported. The significant coefficient for the interaction term indicated that the impact of education on entrepreneurial intention varies by the degree of importance on their friends and family influence on the part of the female students. However, comparatively, the male students are their own decision-makers. Their entrepreneurial intention varies by the degree of importance based only on their education and their decisions. It was derived based on the intercorrelation among study variables and barriers factors.

Table 7: Results of Hierarchical Regression on Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy among male and female students from various departments.

	Variable(s)	R2	Overall  R2	Alpha	T-value
GENDER CATEGORY				0.09
CONTROL VARIABLES			0.72		3.621**
ENTREPRENEURSHIP COURSE				0.45**
ENTREPRENEURIAL PARENTS				0.13**
ORGANIZATION FACTOR		0.45	0.44		1.71
APPARENT SUPPORT				0.06
SECURE SUPPORT				0.22*
EXTRAVERSION				0.01
METICULOUSNESS				0.02
AMICABILITY				0.08
FRANKNESS				0.05
NEUROTICISM				0.05
OPENNESS				0.34**
OVERALL		0.18	0.75		3.621**

*p<.10; **p<.05; From source data.

Table 7 shows the hierarchical multiple regression analysis results to predict entrepreneurial self-efficacy. From the divergence theory of entrepreneurship says that it is not easy to have power over all possible antecedents to developing entrepreneurship. According to demographic factors, the male-female criteria and friends and family role models are very suitable to manage variables for learning of personality differences in entrepreneurship self-efficacy. From the analysis, the gender category is one of the factors of entrepreneurship is self-efficacy. Then there are five control variables take into action for 20 percent of the variance in entrepreneurial intention. The organization factor controlled an extra 44 percent of the entrepreneurship intention variance. On the other hand, only secure support significantly predicted the criterion variable as 24 percentages. Finally, the individuality factor makes a reimbursement an additional 14 percent of the variance in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, only amicability is 0.8 percentages, and openness significantly predicted the entrepreneurial intention as 34 percentages.

Table 8: Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Influence of male and female students from various departments results

Variable (s)		Regression Coefficients	Mean	T- Value	Significance
Gender Category	MALE	.65**	75.54	1.731	0.002
	FEMALE	.48**	52.42
Entrepreneurial Self- efficacy	MALE	.45**	61.89	1.921	0.002
	FEMALE	.15	52.8
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy due to friends	MALE	.39**	60.52	1.461	0.003
	FEMALE	.28**	42.31
Entrepreneurial Self- efficacy due to family	MALE	.35**	63.52	1.525	0.004
	FEMALE	.15	52.31
Entrepreneurship Subject Studied	MALE	.24**	63.81	3.621*	0.005
	FEMALE	.05	52.4
R2		0.72
Adjusted R2		0.75
F					0.00
N		355

Inter correlation among study variables and barriers predict an optimistic connection between entrepreneurial education with their self-efficacy and their entrepreneur intention. From the regression analysis results, table 2 exposed that only self-efficacy had a significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention, i.e., M is 4.15; SD is 0.35. Management based self-efficacy was insignificant, i.e., M is 3.91, SD is 0.48. Therefore from the regression analysis, we can conclude that the entrepreneurial intention of students is partially supported to increase by their management studies. Then examine the moderate influence of individual department students Self-efficacy on the connection between entrepreneurial direction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Table 8 shows the entrepreneurial self-efficacy influence of male and female students from various departments. Consecutively to observe the control of entrepreneurship dimension on entrepreneurial intention of the students by the multiple linear regression have adopted, and the outcome is shown in Table 5. The outcome signifies that the adjusted R2 is 0.72 represented in the regression model is tremendous to fit well. It is also indicating in relation to 0.72 percent of the disparity in entrepreneurial self-efficacy is explained by entrepreneurship dimension variables. This result shows the entrepreneurial intention of the students due to the self-efficacy, self-efficacy due to friends; family and subject they have studied are optimistically and extensively influence them at five percent level.

In Figure 1, the self-efficacy chart, the percentage of male student’s entrepreneurship influences are plotted. Here, we can conclude that the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of males is having high than female students. The overall self-efficacy of male students is 75.54% comparatively. The female students have only 52.20%, where around 23.34% lagging in female student’s entrepreneurship intensions. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy of males is having high than female students due to their friends' influence of male students are 60.52% comparatively the female students have only 42.31%. Around 17.21% lagging in female student’s entrepreneurship intentions due to their friend’s influences. Then the entrepreneurship improving factors like friend’s family and their studies are plotted in figures 1 and 2.

The entrepreneurial self-efficacy of males is having high than female students due to their family influence of male students are 63.52% comparatively the female students have only 52.31%. Around 11.21% lagging in female student’s entrepreneurship intentions due to their family’s effective advice. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy of males are having strong than female students due to their subjective knowledge, and their studies influence of male students are 63.81% comparatively the female students have only 52.40%. Around 11.41% lagging in female student’s entrepreneurship intentions due to their subjective knowledge and their studies influences. From these results, we can conclude that 23.34% of lagging in female student’s entrepreneurship intentions than female students.

5. Conclusion

Entrepreneurship is the process of scheming, initiation, and organizing a new firm; it may be a small business or a big one. The person who is creating these businesses is called an entrepreneur. The growth of Entrepreneurship is the best alternative source for unemployment among educated youngsters. It plays a very important position in getting financial improvement and advancement to a country’s financial system. The financial activities are done by introducing innovation, creating contests, and enhancing competitions. Exclusively the career-making is the most important contribution of the entrepreneur. The Indian governments recognize the entrepreneurship significance to the financial system and its responsibility in job generation and individual potential development. So accordingly, entrepreneurship has avoided a huge amount of unemployment throughout the world. The stem of entrepreneurship is increasing economic efficiency, market advancement, new job creation, and supporting employment level. The population of this work contains several male and female MBA students of various universities in Gujarat, India. The sample of this work has 355 students; the obtain response is sampled by a convenience sampling method. In order to analyze the data, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression methods are used. 3x3 ANOVA is used to analyze the performance differences between the male and female student’s entrepreneurial intention and their previous circumstances of entrepreneurial intention. The outcomes indicate the dissimilarity of their entrepreneurial intention, behavioral approach, and apparent behavior managing among male and female. Comparatively, the male students have much interest in self-efficacy on their entrepreneurial intention with female students. Additionally, this work proposes that the area of expertise does not have any effect on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Inter correlation among study variables and barriers predict an optimistic connection between entrepreneurial education with their self-efficacy and their entrepreneur intention. From the regression analysis results, only self-efficacy had a significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention, i.e., M 4.15, SD 0.35. Management based self-efficacy was insignificant, i.e., M 3.91, SD 0.48. Therefore from the regression analysis, we can conclude that the entrepreneurial intention of students is partially supported to increase by their management studies. Then examine the moderate influence of individual department students Self-efficacy on the connection between entrepreneurial direction and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy influences of male and female students from various departments are calculated. Consecutively to observe the control of entrepreneurship dimension on entrepreneurial intention of the students by the multiple linear regression have adopted and the outcome is derived, the outcome signifies that the adjusted R2 is 0.72 represented in the regression model is tremendous to fit well. It is also indicating in relation to 0.72 percent of the disparity in entrepreneurial self-efficacy is explained by entrepreneurship dimension variables. This result shows the entrepreneurial intention of the students due to the self-efficacy, self-efficacy due to friends; family and subject they have studied are optimistically and extensively influence them at five percent level.

References

Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P., & Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small business economics, 24(3), 335-350.

Goel, A., Vohra, N., Zhang, L., & Arora, B. (2007). Attitudes of the youth towards entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship: A cross-cultural comparison of India and China.

Barik, A., & Barik, L. (2016). Scale Development and Scale Testing of Student’s Entrepreneur Self-Efficacy (SES): Preliminary Psychometric Test. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 9(1).

Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.

Varela, R., & Jimenez, J.E. (2001). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education in the Universities of California. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson Conference Proceedings.

Noel, T. W. (2002). Effects of entrepreneurial education on intent to open a business: An exploratory study. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 5, 3.

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1265-1272.

Mazzarol, T., Volery, T., Doss, N., & Thein, V. (1999). Factors influencing small business start-ups: a comparison with previous research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 5(2), 48-63.

Kolvereid, L. (1996). Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21(1), 47-58.

Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123.

Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104.

Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17(2), 183-211.

Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of business venturing, 13(4), 295-316.

Mortan, R. A., Ripoll, P., Carvalho, C., & Bernal, M. C. (2014). Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 30(3), 97-104.

Desai, P. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention among students of higher learning institutions of middle Gujarat.

Mustapha, M., & Selvaraju, M. (2015). Personal Attributes, Family Influences, Entrepreneurship Education And Entrepreneurship Inclination Among University Students. Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, 33.

Sharma, L., & Madan, P. (2014). Effect of individual factors on youth entrepreneurship–a study of Uttarakhand state, India. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 3.

Pruett, M., & Şeşen, H. (2017). Faculty-student perceptions about entrepreneurship in six countries. Education+ Training, 59(1), 105-120.

Gelard, P., & Saleh, K. E. (2011). Impact of some contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of university students. African Journal of Business Management, 5(26), 10707-10717.