Investors make investments in order to maximize their wealth. For this, the investors need to make rational decisions in order to have the best returns. So, the objective of the study is to study the relation among the demographic factors and the factors affecting investment decisions. The data was collected from 208 academicians from different colleges in Jalandhar city. The study found that there was relation among some of the demographic factors and there was no relation among the some of the demographic factors and the factors affecting investment decisions.

The internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life, with the availability of many web services such as email and search engines. However, these are often threatened by attacks from computer programs such as bots. CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a computer program which helps the server-side entity to determine whether the access is requested by a human or someone else. CAPTCHA is used so as to defend the automated programs, bots or hacker to use restricted areas of the areas and to prevent unauthorized access to the users account. CAPTCHA is widely used by various websites while a person tries to login as to prevent spams or any other harmful attacks. But CAPTCHA solving nowadays, has become an issue for humans. This paper will focus on CAPTCHA and its uses in addition to the study of various CAPTCHA breaking techniques that are proposed for a practical overview.

This study compares the magnitude of the impact of the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) and large employee size on the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. To examine the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on profitability, the graphical method and t-test are used. The robust results of this study suggest that value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) has the higher positive impact on the profitability of conventional banks than Islamic banks, while human capital efficiency (a component of VAIC) has the higher positive impact on the profitability of Islamic banks than conventional banks. This study has found lower profitability for conventional and Islamic banks having large employee size. The t-test comparison indicates that conventional banks have the higher mean profitability and value-added intellectual coefficient than Islamic banks. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that investment in human capital has potential to engender higher value forthe sustained growth of banks.

Organization has been defined as a combination of many resources that work in coordination to achieve the desired results. Some resources are tangible while some are intangible. The latter ones include Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Market Orientation (MO). Like others, their effective deployment results in improved performance. This study aims at empirically investigate the influence of EO on the performance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). At the same time, the study will also look at the role of market orientation (MO) as a moderator between the relationship of EO and firm innovative performance. The questionnaire survey for the study was conducted among 213 manufacturing SMEs. The findings of the study reveal that EO positively influence the firm innovative performance. The results also indicate the moderating role of MO in the subject relationship. Majority of the prior studies on EO and MO have been investigated in direct relationship with organizational performance in developed countries. This study thus fills the gap in the literature by examining the moderating role of MO in the EO-performance relationship.

The present study aims to investigate a mechanism which enables a subordinate to respond to abusive supervision.A total of 920 subordinates were surveyed in groups, where focal person reports abusive supervision, the support he or she gets from peer group members and counter-productive work behavior towards supervisor and organizational citizenship behavior towards organization is reported by focal person’s peer. Hierarchal regression and process macro were used to analyze the data. The results show that organizational citizenship behavior-peer group and organizational citizenship behavior-organization play mediating role between abusive supervision and counter-productive work behavior towards supervisor.

Corporate governance plays a vital rolein the determination of value and performance of listed firms across the world. In India, majority of listed companies are owned and managed by promoters and their ownership holding makes an impact on the corporate value and performance. The focus of this study is to examine the impact of promoter shareholding on the firm value and performance by using a sample of NIFTY 500 Index non-finance companies during the financial year 2012 to 2016. We applied panel data regression method for empirical analysis to capture the dynamics and impact of both time series and cross-sectional dimension of data.The study results reveal a significant positive relationship between promoter shareholding and firm value of sampled firms. This study observed that the financial performance of sampled firms is negatively affected by AGE, GROW and LEV of the sampled firms. Further, the empirical results reveal no relationship between promoter shareholding and financial performance of sampled firms.

The entire world today has made itself so used to telecommunication that it would collapse if it’s taken away. Globalization has made telecommunication an integral part of the infrastructure of the Indian economy. India has a huge subscriber base using both, the fixed lines and mobile phones and thus making India the second largest subscriber base in the world and world's third largest Internet user base. It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world. Big players like Vodafone, Airtel and Idea Cellular dominated the Indian telecommunication sector. All these service providers were competing mainly based on the pricing factors. But suddenly a new service provider Reliance Jio entered the picture and shook the telecommunication sector of India with their free services for six months. They offered free voice calls, free 4G internet and free SMS. This affected the old players in a huge way as customers started opting for Jio, leading to strategic changes being made by the other service providers. This research paper mainly focuses on how the entry of Reliance Jio in the telecommunication sector has affected the other service providers and how much it has led to customer switching.

Grounded in the agency theory as underpinning, the current study designed to examine the Corporate Governance Characteristics and Operating Cash Flow as Determinants of Dividend Payout in Pakistan. The statistical population included a non-financial sector companies in Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 2017. A quantitative data collection was to be analyzed and compares the effects on the selected variables. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 22. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was to be applied to record their observation of the theory variables. The purpose of this study showed that Corporate Governance Characteristics such as board size, CEO duality, individual ownership and managerial ownership and operating cash flow including firm size with form of dividend payout in Pakistan listed companies.

Family Businesses form the pillars of most economies across the globe. These businesses are a major contributor to wealth creation and employment creation which at the same time have ensured that quality products and services reach to the consumer. Most successful multinational business has commenced their operations as Family Businesses and has successfully grown to be multinational brands. These businesses they have their own set of strong points as well as weaknesses. Like any other business, corporate governance is as much of concern here. Since being family owned and family run, the issue of corporate governance is usually neglected with one school of thought claiming absolutely no need. With the growing competitiveness in the market and with Family Businesses going public, the business or firm cannot avoid implementation of the corporate governance norms for fair and transparent functioning. The paper reviews the literature available with the aim to identify the weaknesses/ limitations of Family Businesses and provide suggestions with the way that these can be overcome. With the help of readily available researched work, a detailed SWOT analysis has been carried out of the existing Family Businesses so as to identify their strong points, know their weaknesses, capitalise of their opportunities and overcome their threats.