An Empirical Study on Relationship between Selected Financial Measures and Market Value Added of Infrastructural Companies in India

Dr. Hanuman Prasad Professor Faculty of Management Studies Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India – 313001

Kapil Shrimal Research Scholar Faculty of Management Studies Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India – 313001

ABSTRACT

Market Value Added (MVA) is the best peripheral performance measure as it indicates the market assessment of the effectiveness with which a company’s managers have used the scarce resources under their control. The present study is focused to find the relationship between financial measures and MVA. Thus, the objective of the study is to know one of the internal measures, which can influence the MVA. To examine MVA is taken as a dependent variable and the profitability ratio (GPM, NPM, ROCE, ROE and RONW) and market value ratios (EPS, PER and DPR) variables are selected as independent variables. Sample of 23 listed infrastructural companies of CNX Infrastructure Index have been taken for the study. The period of the study is 5 years (F.Y. 2009-10 to F.Y. 2013-14). The study reveals that there is positive relationship between MVA and financial performance measures of selected infrastructural companies during the period. Result shows that there is significant relationship between ROCE, ROE and EPS with MVA.

Key Words: MVA, Financial Performance, Infrastructure Companies

INTRODUCTION

One of the external indicators that give the utmost satisfaction to the investors is share price and, truly speaking, the Market Value Added (Reddy, 2014). From the shareholders point of view, the shareholder is always interested in increase in the share prices. The most dependable measure of management’s long – run success in adding value is known as “Market Value Added” (MVA). MVA is the best peripheral performance measure as it indicates the market assessment of the effectiveness with which a company’s managers have used the scarce resources under their control. Hence, it is very significant and important to analyze and identify the internal indicators that are related to with Market Value Added. In today’s unstable economic environment and high volatility of stock price indices, the financial performance of the companies have become foreseeable agent for creating organization values and thereby increasing shareholder’s wealth. The present study focused to measure the relationship between MVA and selected financial performance of infrastructural companies in India.

1. Market Value Added (MVA): Market Value Added is the difference between the current market value of a firm and the capital contributed by investors. If MVA is positive, the firm has added value. If it is negative, the firm has destroyed value.

Market Value Added = Market value of the Equity + the book value of debt – all of the capital investors have provided (including loans, retained earnings and paid in capital)

This measures the performance of management. It also reflects the general market. Management has a part in it but not entirely. In a bull stock market, the amount contributed by management may even be negative, but the overall market may be driving the MVA into positive territory.

2. Financial Performance Measures: A subjective measure of how well a firm can use assets from its primary mode of business and generate revenues. This term is also used as a general measure of a firm's overall financial health over a given period of time, and can be used to compare similar firms across the same industry or to compare industries or sectors in aggregation. Investors analyses and interpret the financial statements so that they can get an insight in to the firm’s performance. Ratio analysis is one of the tools for financial performance analysis of the company. Investors are more interested in profitability ratios like net profit ratios, ROCE, ROE etc. valuation ratios like P/E ratios, EPS and economic performance measures like MVA.

2.1. Profitability Ratios: Profitability is the ability of a given investment to earn a return from its use. Profit cannot be ignored since it is both a measure of success of the business and means its survival and growth. The profitability variables chosen for the present study are:

(a) Gross Profit Margin (GPM)

(b) Net Profit Margin (NPM)

(c) Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)

(d) Return on Equity (ROE)

(e) Return on Net Worth (RONW).

2.2. Market Value Ratios: Market value ratios evaluate the economic status of your company in the wider marketplace. Market value ratios give management an idea of what the firm's investors think of the firm's performance and future prospects. Market value ratios are pertinent to the publicly traded firm. The market ratio variables used for the study are:

(a) Earnings Per Share (EPS)

(b) Price Earnings Ratio (PER)

(c) Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR)

3. Indian Infrastructural Sector: Infrastructure drives development in the economy. It is also a significant for the effective functioning of the economy. Development in the infrastructure has a direct impact on the sustainability of overall growth and development of the Indian economy. In recent years, India made significant progress in physical infrastructure. Electricity, railways, roads, ports, airports, irrigation, and urban and rural water supply and sanitation with the governments focus on infrastructure development and increased investments in the sector. In the present study CNX Infrastructure Index companies have been taken as sample.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The present study is undertaken to examine the effect of selected variables on MVA. Thus, the objective of the study is to know one of the internal measures, which can influence the MVA. Here, MVA is taken as a dependent variable and the profitability and market value ratios variables are selected as independent variables.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The relationship between MVA and financial performance has been studied in the recent years in many studies world over, with many methods and with different results. The results of the empirical studies are mixed.

Reddy (2014) studies financial performance using and its impact on Market Value Added Approach in selected ten software companies in South India for one year period 2010 - 2011. The study examined that variables like RONW, CAP, EPS, EVA, ROS, ROTA and Cash Profit are found to have significant effect on MVA. Panayiotis (2008) investigated the relationships between MVA and other performance evaluation measures. The study indicates REVA and MVA have the most relationship compared to other measures. Fergusonet al., (2005) studied the relationships between EVA and other performance evaluation measures in improving stock performance during the period of 1983 in the stern Stewart companies. The study shows EVA and MVA have the most relationship compared to other measures. Bhatnagar and Shekhar (2001) based on a sample of 56 companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange suggest EVA as the most significant related variable with MVA across the industries. Behaviour of other variables vis-a-vis MVA varies across the industries. Swain et. al. (2000) examined how the MVA is correlated with the firm‘s performance in terms of financial measures of the company such as EVA, NOPAT, ROCE, EPS. They used sample of 28 companies from pharmaceutical industry during the period spanning 1992-93 to 2000-01. Study of them concludes that EVA, NOPAT and sales outperform other financial and economic measures in predicting MVA. Uyemura, Kantor and Pettit (1996) present findings on the relationship between EVA and MVA with 100 bank holding companies. They calculate regressions to 5 performance measures including EPS, Net Income, ROE, ROA and EVA. According to their study the correlations between these performance measures and MVA are: EVA 40%, ROA 13%, ROE 10%, Net income 8% and EPS 6%. The data is from the ten-year period 1986 through 1995.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Objective of the Study: The major objectives of the study are:

Ø To study the relationship between MVA and profitability measures i.e. GPM, NPM, ROCE, RONW and ROE.

Ø To study the relationship between MVA and market value ratio i.e. PE, DPR and EPS.

Ø To find out which performance measure is reflected better in MVA.

2. Sample Size: The attempt has been made on the sample of 23 infrastructural companies of CNX Infrastructure Index.

3. Duration of the Study: The period of the study is 5 years beginning from the FY 2009-10 and ending with FY 2013-14. The rationale behind the selection of a 5-year period for the study is to cover a complete business cycle.

4. Method of Data Collection: Secondary data were collected to conduct the study. Data collection method convenient and as per availability of data. Data is collected from the electronic online data base of Capitaline (www.capitaline.com).

5. Research Tools: The collected data have been analyzed with the help of financial ratios. Further, data have been also analyzed in the light of relevant statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation, multiple correlations, multiple regressions etc.

6. Hypothesis: To study the relationship between MBA and financial ratios, following hypothesis have been developed and tested:

Ø H₀1 : There is no significant relationship between MVA and profitability ratios.

Ø H₀2 : There is no significant relationship between MVA and market value ratios.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Based on the objective of the study, collected data were analyzed and important findings of the study are following:

1. Relationship between MVA and Profitability Ratios:

Table No. 5.1.1. Regression Statistic

Table No. 5.1.2. ANOVA Analysis

Table No. 5.1.3. Regression Analysis

*Significant at 5%, **Not Significant at 5%

From the above analysis in table no. 5.1.1 to 5.1.3 of regression analysis of MVA and profitability ratios shows that the multiple correlation coefficients are 0.43966. This indicates that the correlation among the independent and dependent variables is positive. The coefficient of determination is 19.33%. This means that close to 19% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables. Since the p-value of F-static is 0.00024 which is less than 0 .05 at 5% level of significance, so we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant relationship between MVA and profitability measures of selected infrastructure industries.

The significance of independent variables are also been tested individually. Since the p-value of GPM, NPM and RONW is greater than 0 .05 at 5% level of significance, so we accept the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no significant relationship between MVA and GP M, NPM & RONW of selected infrastructure industries. Whereas the p-value of ROCE and ROE is less than 0.05 at 5% level of significance, so we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant relationship between MVA and ROCE & ROE of selected infrastructure industries.

2. Relationship between MVA and Market Value Ratios:

Table No. 5.2.1. Regression Statistics

Table No. 5.2.2. ANOVA Analysis

Table No. 5.2.3. Regression Analysis

*Significant at 5%, **Not Significant at 5%

From the above analysis in table no. 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 of regression analysis of MVA and market value ratios shows that the multiple correlation coefficients are 0. 24954 . This indicates that the correlation among the independent and dependent variables is positive. The coefficient of determination is 6.23%. This means that close to 6% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables. Since the p-value of F-static is 0.067 which is greater than 0 .05 at 5% level of significance, so we accept the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no significant relationship between MVA and market value ratios of selected infrastructure industries.

The significance of independent variables are also been tested individually. Since the p-value of PER and DPR is greater than 0 .05 at 5% level of significance, so we accept the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no significant relationship between MVA and PER & DPR of selected infrastructure industries. Whereas the p-value of EPS is less than 0.05 at 5% level of significance, so we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant relationship between MVA and EPS of selected infrastructure industries.

CONCLUSION and SUGGESTIONS

The study explains importance of using profitability ratios and market value ratios as tools for Market Value Added. The study reveals that there is positive relationship between MVA and financial performance measures of selected infrastructural companies during the period. There is significant relationship between ROCE, ROE and EPS with MVA. Increasing value to stockholders is the prime goal of majority of companies, which is clearly the mere goal of stockholders. MVA implies for current net value of previous plans and future profitable chance. MVA assesses the effect of managerial actions on shareholder wealth from an organization's inception. This study shows that MVA can explain other financial performance measures. The study justifies that MVA can be used instead of other financial performance measures. Further more studies can be done for other companies/sectors with more financial variables.

REFERENCES

Dayal B. and Chandra S. (2001). In search of a Potent measure of Financial Performance among Industries. The Journal of Indian Management and Strategy. Vol. 6 (4), 2001, 49-63.

Fernandez, P. (2001). Economic Profit and Cash Value Added do not Measure Shareholder Value Creation. SSRN. Working Paper, 17

Kramer, Jonathan .K. & Pushner George (1997). An Empirical Analysis of Economic Value Added as a proxy measure for Market Value Added. Financial Practice and Education. Vol. 7(1), 41-49.

Niranjan S, Mishra, C.S., Jayasimha, K.R., and Vijayalakshmi, S. (2002). Shareholder wealth maximisation in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Econometric analysis. ICFAI Journal of Applied Finance. Vol. 8 (6), 69-82.

Panayiotis, G. (2008), Wealth Added Financial Management Research. University of Piraeus. Management Research. University of Piraeus. Book, pp: 14

Reddy K.K (2014). Analysis of Fianacial Performance Using Market Value Added Approach. PARIPEX – Indian Journal of Research, 141-146.

Uyemura, K. and Petit, J. (1996), EVA for Bank Value Creation, Risk Management and Profitability measurement. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Vol. 9, 94-113.

http://www.nseindia.com/products/content/equities/indices/thematic_indices.htm